Wednesday 4 November 2015

What are Soluble Salt Tiles?


A full body tile has a design that runs throughout the entire tile. A glazed tile's design is only in the glaze on the top surface of the tile. A Soluble-Salt tile is somewhere between. Water soluble metallic salts are applied to the tile body before firing. The salts are applied in liquid form with screen-printing to create the design on the tile. The salts then actually penetrate the body to a depth of a few milimetres.


Water-soluble metal salts are often compared to watercolors in application and decoration. They produce a variety of interesting effects on ceramics, such as halos of color, fumed or smoky halos, solid shapes with soft, diffused edges or solid shapes with crisp sharp edges.
Water-soluble metal salts are simple solutions that are composed of nitrate, chloride and sulfate forms of metals, which dissolve in water. They are simpler solutions in comparison to glazes 
but most Metal Salts are toxic and must be handled very carefully during production although they are harmless when they have been fired.


Above is a Soluble Salt tile showing diffusion effects of what is probably cobalt chloride and silver nitrate.


The following table shows some common Water-Soluble Metal Salts and the colours they produce. 
 
ColorWater-Soluble Metal Salt(s)
Greycopper chloride (heavy application and heavy reduction can give pinks and reds)
palladium chloride
ruthenium chloride
selenium (selenous acid, selenium toner)
silver nitrate
tellurium chloride
vanadium (vanadyl sulfate, vanadium pentoxide)
Bluecobalt chloride
molybdenum (molybdic acid)
Greenammonium chromate
nickel chloride
potassium dichromate
sodium chromate
Browniron chloride (iron chloride emits heat when mixed with water so the water should be added gradually in small amounts)
Pink/Purple/Maroongold chloride (1-5% solution, adding either cobalt, manganese or tellurium will give different shades)
Yellowpraseodymium chloride (very pale color)
Blackcobalt chloride (50% solution) and iron chloride (100% solution)
cobalt chloride (50% solution) and nickel chloride (50% solution)
NOTE: neither of these combinations will yield a true black, just a close approximation.


We are currently planning a KREM Technical catalogue specifically aimed at architects. The ranges will include Soluble Salts. Any suggestions for designs, product or technical content to be included are welcome

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